Ira Hamilton Hayes was born on January 12, 1923, to Nancy Hamilton and Joseph Hayes, a veteran of the Great War. Hayes was of the Pima Indian Tribe and resided on the Gila River Reservation located near Sacaton, Arizona. Ira was the oldest of six children who were supported by his father’s, hard work harvesting cotton and farming. In 1942, after completing two years of high school, and served in the Civilian Conservation Corps in May and June of 1942, [...]
The US Constitution, the supreme law of the land, outlines the structure and powers of the US federal government, guaranteeing rights to states and citizens, and is comprised of seven Articles and twenty-seven Amendments. Here’s a summary of the key elements of the Constitution: Structure and Principles: Federalism: The Constitution establishes a system of federalism, dividing power between the federal government and state governments. Separation of Powers: It establishes three distinct branches of government: the legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court [...]
Debt Has Always Been the Ruin of Great Powers. Is the U.S. Next? As of January 2, 2025, the US national debt was $36.2 trillion, or $106,024 per person. This is based on a US population of people living in the US. Explanation The US national debt is the total amount of money the US government owes. The debt per person increases as the national debt increases and the US population changes. The average interest rate on the national debt has increased since [...]
Iwo Jima 80th Anniversary Today marks the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II, the first invasion of a home island of the Japanese Empire in the conflict. Commemorations are planned across the country, including at the Marine Corps Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, where a bronze replica stands of the battle’s iconic photo featuring six Marines hoisting the flag on the island’s Mount Suribachi—the second, much larger flag to be raised there. The battle saw three [...]
On April 4, 1968, United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York delivered an improvised speech several hours after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Kennedy, who was campaigning to earn the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination, made his remarks while in Indianapolis, Indiana, after speaking at two Indiana universities earlier in the day. Before boarding a plane to attend campaign rallies in Indianapolis, he learned that King had been shot in Memphis, Tennessee. Upon arrival, Kennedy was informed that King had died. His own brother, John F. Kennedy had been assassinated on November 22, [...]
“I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” is the popular name of the final speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. the night before he was assassinated. King spoke on April 3, 1968, at the Mason Temple (Church of God in Christ Headquarters) in Memphis, Tennessee. The speech primarily concerns the Memphis sanitation strike. King calls for unity, economic actions, boycotts, and nonviolent protest, while challenging the United States to live up to its ideals. At the end of the speech, he discusses the possibility of an untimely death. Excerpts from King’s speech Regarding [...]
In political science, a constitutional crisis is a problem or conflict in the function of a government that the political constitution or other fundamental governing law is perceived to be unable to resolve. There are several variations to this definition. For instance, one describes it as the crisis that arises out of the failure, or at least a strong risk of failure, of a constitution to perform its central functions.[1] The crisis may arise from a variety of possible causes. For example, a government may [...]
A deployment of Bloom Energy Servers outside eBay headquarters The Bloom Energy Server or Bloom Box is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generator made by Bloom Energy, of Sunnyvale, California, that takes a variety of input fuels, including liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons[1] produced from biological sources, to produce electricity at or near the site where it will be used.[2][3] It withstands temperatures of up to 1,800 °F (980 °C).[4] According to the company, a single cell (one 100 mm × 100 mm plate consisting of three ceramic layers) generates 25 watts.[5] The fuel cells have an operational life expectancy of around [...]
The American Crisis The essay that strengthened the resolve of the Patriots during the darkest days of the American Revolution. During the first few months of the American Revolution in 1776, hope for an American victory dimmed as the British won continuous victories over the Continentals. When the rebellion almost seemed lost, Thomas Paine, American soldier and author of “Common Sense,” wrote a series of essays, “The American Crisis” to bolster morale among American soldiers and renew hope in the American cause. With Paine’s encouraging message echoing in the minds and [...]
